His title as Great Khan was Bogd Sécén Khaan (Manchu: Gosin Onco Hūwaliyasun Enduringge Han). Hong Taiji was the second Khan of the Later Jin and then Emperor of the Qing dynasty, after he changed its name. According to another view, Hong Taiji was mistakenly referred to as Abahai as a result of a confusion with the name of Nurhaci's main consort Lady Abahai. Though "Abahai" is indeed "unattested in Manchu sources", it might also have derived from the Mongol word Abaġai, an honorary name given to the younger sons of hereditary monarchs. Giovanni Stary states that this name may have originated by confusing "Abkai" with Abkai sure, which was Hong Taiji's era name in the Manchu language. Gorsky and later repeated by sinologists starting in the early twentieth century. Hong Taiji was never mentioned under this name in Manchu and Chinese sources it was a mistake first made by Russian clergyman G.V. Western scholars used to refer to Hong Taiji as " Abahai", but this appellation is now considered mistaken. Historian Mark Elliott views this as persuasive evidence that Hong Taiji was not a title, but a personal name. Tatiana Pang and Giovanni Stary, two specialists of early Manchu history, consider this document as "further evidence" that Hong Taiji was his real name, "not being at all connected with the Chinese title huang taizi". However, an archival document rediscovered in 1996 and recounting events from 1621 calls him "Hong Taiji" in a discussion concerning the possible naming of Nurhaci's heir apparent, a title that the document refers to as taise. In redacted documents, Hong Taiji was simply called the " Fourth Beile" or "fourth prince" ( duici beile), indicating that he was the fourth ranked among the eight beile Nurhaci had designated from among his sons. "Hong Taiji" was very rarely used in Manchu sources, because they observed a taboo on the personal names of emperors. The modern Chinese rendering " Huang Taiji" ( 皇太極), which uses the character huang ("imperial"), misleadingly implies that Hong Taiji once held the title of "imperial prince" or heir apparent, even though his father and predecessor Nurhaci never designated a successor. Early seventeenth-century Chinese and Korean sources rendered his name as "Hong Taiji" ( 洪台極). Alternatively, historian Pamela Crossley argues that "Hung Taiji" was a title "of Mongolian inspiration" derived from hung, a word that appeared in other Mongolian titles at the time. That Mongolian term was itself derived from the Chinese huang taizi 皇太子 ("crown prince", "imperial prince"), but in Mongolian it meant, among other things, something like "respected son". Written Hong taiji in Manchu, it was borrowed from the Mongolian title Khong Tayiji. It is unclear whether " Hong Taiji" was a title or a personal name. He was also responsible for changing the name of the Jurchen ethnicity to " Manchu" in 1635, and changing the name of his dynasty from "Great Jin" to "Great Qing" in 1636. He was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father Nurhaci had founded and laid the groundwork for the conquest of the Ming dynasty, although he died before this was accomplished. Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), also rendered as Huang Taiji and sometimes referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin dynasty (reigned from 1626 to 1636) and the founding emperor of the Qing dynasty (reigned from 1636 to 1643). Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. This article contains special characters. Mongolian: Дээд эрдэмт ( ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠢ)Įmperor Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuanwen Rensheng Ruixiao Jingmin Zhaoding Longdao Xiangong Wen A Tale of the Sacred Mountain Beijing College Student Film Festival Students' Choice Award for Favorite Actress Hundred Flowers Award for Best Actressīeijing College Student Film Festival Best Actress Shanghai Film Critics Award for Best ActressĪ.k.a. Nominated – Golden Horse Award for Best ActressĪ.k.a. San Sebastián International Film Festival Silver Shell Award for Best Actress Golden Phoenix Award for Society Award Nominated – Golden Rooster Award for Best Actress
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